Diverticular disease is a condition diagnosed either as an incidental finding on a CT scan or during a colonoscopy. It is characterized by small pockets, known as diverticula, bulging through the muscle wall of the colon. This benign condition affects approximately one-third of the population.
Diverticulitis is a benign (non-cancerous)condition that most commonly affects the left side of the colon (large intestine). Less commonly, it can involve the small intestine, a condition known as jejunal diverticulitis.
Diverticulitis occurs when the diverticula become inflamed due to a small microperforation in the colon wall. The body typically seals (closes) this perforation to prevent widespread contamination. In many cases, the addition of antibiotics is sufficient to treat an acute attack of diverticulitis. However, if the body cannot contain the infection, an abscess or collection may form. In severe cases, pus or poo may spread into the abdominal cavity, leading to sepsis (a serious, potentially life-threatening infection).
If an abscess forms, a specialist interventional radiologist may need to drain it to assist the body in overcoming the infection.
Symptoms
While diverticular disease is often asymptomatic, inflammation can cause symptoms such as:
Repeated episodes of diverticulitis can cause the affected portion of the colon to develop strictures (narrowing),potentially leading to a large bowel obstruction. In such cases, emergency surgery may be required.
Prevention
A high-fibre diet is key to preventing the formation of diverticula. However, even with a high-fibre diet, some individuals may still develop diverticular disease.
When Should I Have Surgery?
Most people with diverticular disease live without symptoms or complications. However, surgery may be indicated in the following situations:
